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The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking Hardcover ¨C Illustrated, April 24 2018
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A comprehensive and authoritative exploration of Bitcoin and its place in monetary history
When a pseudonymous programmer introduced "a new electronic cash system that¡¯s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party" to a small online mailing list in 2008, very few people paid attention. Ten years later, and against all odds, this upstart autonomous decentralized software offers an unstoppable and globally accessible hard money alternative to modern central banks. The Bitcoin Standard analyzes the historical context to the rise of Bitcoin, the economic properties that have allowed it to grow quickly, and its likely economic, political, and social implications.
While Bitcoin is an invention of the digital age, the problem it purports to solve is as old as human society itself: transferring value across time and space. Author Saifedean Ammous takes the reader on an engaging journey through the history of technologies performing the functions of money, from primitive systems of trading limestones and seashells, to metals, coins, the gold standard, and modern government debt. Exploring what gave these technologies their monetary role, and how most lost it, provides the reader with a good idea of what makes for sound money, and sets the stage for an economic discussion of its consequences for individual and societal future-orientation, capital accumulation, trade, peace, culture, and art. Compellingly, Ammous shows that it is no coincidence that the loftiest achievements of humanity have come in societies enjoying the benefits of sound monetary regimes, nor is it coincidental that monetary collapse has usually accompanied civilizational collapse.
With this background in place, the book moves on to explain the operation of Bitcoin in a functional and intuitive way. Bitcoin is a decentralized, distributed piece of software that converts electricity and processing power into indisputably accurate records, thus allowing its users to utilize the Internet to perform the traditional functions of money without having to rely on, or trust, any authorities or infrastructure in the physical world. Bitcoin is thus best understood as the first successfully implemented form of digital cash and digital hard money. With an automated and perfectly predictable monetary policy, and the ability to perform final settlement of large sums across the world in a matter of minutes, Bitcoin's real competitive edge might just be as a store of value and network for the final settlement of large payments a digital form of gold with a built-in settlement infrastructure.
Ammous' firm grasp of the technological possibilities as well as the historical realities of monetary evolution provides for a fascinating exploration of the ramifications of voluntary free market money. As it challenges the most sacred of government monopolies, Bitcoin shifts the pendulum of sovereignty away from governments in favor of individuals, offering us the tantalizing possibility of a world where money is fully extricated from politics and unrestrained by borders.
The final chapter of the book explores some of the most common questions surrounding Bitcoin: Is Bitcoin mining a waste of energy? Is Bitcoin for criminals? Who controls Bitcoin, and can they change it if they please? How can Bitcoin be killed? And what to make of all the thousands of Bitcoin knockoffs, and the many supposed applications of Bitcoin's 'block chain technology'? The Bitcoin Standard is the essential resource for a clear understanding of the rise of the Internet's decentralized, apolitical, free-market alternative to national central banks.
- ISBN-101119473861
- ISBN-13978-1119473862
- Edition1st
- PublisherWiley
- Publication dateApril 24 2018
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions15.75 x 2.79 x 23.11 cm
- Print length304 pages

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From the Publisher

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Review
"I have spent my entire career studying works about monetary theory, the gold standard, comparative monetary systems, central banks, and proposals for monetary and financial reform. I would rate a tiny fraction of the books I have read about any one of these topics as excellent. Dr. Ammous' book, The Bitcoin Standard, contains an excellent treatment of all these topics in addition to one of the few enlightened and enlightening accounts of Bitcoin that I have come across. It is essential reading for anyone interested in learning the role Bitcoin could play in a future regime of free and sound money."
¨DJoseph Salerno, Academic Vice President, Mises Institute
"This book blew my mind; it is a work of genius. It put together the technical, economic, motivational and related issues around Bitcoin better than anything I've seen. The best compliment I can give this book is that I read it and I decided to buy $425m of bitcoin. It was the most impactful on our way of thinking in Microstrategy and it made us want to invert our balance sheet to base it on a bitcoin standard."
¨DMichael Saylor, cofounder, chairman, and CEO of Microstrategy
"The Bitcoin Standard is an incredible book."
¨DRussel Okung, NFL Super Bowl winner
"Dr. Saifedean Ammous gave us the definitive book on digital money with The Bitcoin Standard, a must-read for anyone interested in monetary tech and worried about ruinous fiat regimes. Now his online academy gives students access to the man himself, an opportunity to learn economics as it should be taught: at market prices, online, with no wasted time or material. Ammous is a brilliant and concise teacher of Austrian school economics, and I cannot recommend his courses highly enough."
¨DJeff Deist, President, Mises Institute
"Hoy les recomiendo EL Patr¨°n Bitcoin, este libro es el mejor y m¨¢s importante para entender Bitcoin."
¨DRicardo Salinas Pliego, Founder and Chairman of Grupo Salinas
"The Bitcoin Standard is a great book. A really good book. It helps you understand why bitcoin is so special and so real."
¨DKiril Sokoloff, Chairman and founder, 13D Global Strategy & Research
From the Inside Flap
When a pseudonymous programmer introduced "a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party" to a small online mailing list in 2008, very few paid attention. Ten years later, and against all odds, this upstart autonomous decentralized software offers an unstoppable and globally- accessible hard money alternative to modern central banks. The Bitcoin Standard analyzes the historical context to the rise of Bitcoin, the economic properties that have allowed it to grow quickly, and its likely economic, political, and social implications.
While Bitcoin is a new invention of the digital age, the problem it purports to solve is as old as human society itself: transferring value across time and space. Ammous takes the reader on an engaging journey through the history of technologies performing the functions of money, from primitive systems of trading limestones and seashells, to metals, coins, the gold standard, and modern government debt. Exploring what gave these technologies their monetary role, and how most lost it, provides the reader with a good idea of what makes for sound money, and sets the stage for an economic discussion of its consequences for individual and societal future-orientation, capital accumulation, trade, peace, culture, and art. Compellingly, Ammous shows that it is no coincidence that the loftiest achievements of humanity have come in societies enjoying the benefits of sound monetary regimes, nor is it coincidental that monetary collapse has usually accompanied civilizational collapse.
With this background in place, the book moves on to explain the operation of Bitcoin in a functional and intuitive way. Bitcoin is a decentralized, distributed piece of software that converts electricity and processing power into indisputably accurate records, thus allowing its users to utilize the Internet to perform the traditional functions of money without having to rely on, or trust, any authorities or infrastructure in the physical world. Bitcoin is thus best understood as the first successfully implemented form of digital cash and digital hard money. With an automated and perfectly predictable monetary policy, and the ability to perform final settlement of large sums across the world in a matter of minutes, Bitcoin's real competitive edge might just be as a store of value and network for final settlement of large payments a digital form of gold with a built-in settlement infrastructure.
Ammous' firm grasp of the technological possibilities as well as the historical realities of monetary evolution provides for a fascinating exploration of the ramifications of voluntary free market money. As it challenges the most sacred of government monopolies, Bitcoin shifts the pendulum of sovereignty away from governments in favor of individuals, offering us the tantalizing possibility of a world where money is fully extricated from politics and unrestrained by borders.
The final chapter of the book explores some of the most common questions surrounding Bitcoin: Is Bitcoin mining a waste of energy? Is Bitcoin for criminals? Who controls Bitcoin, and can they change it if they please? How can Bitcoin be killed? And what to make of all the thousands of Bitcoin knock-offs, and the many supposed applications of Bitcoin's 'blockchain technology'? The Bitcoin Standard is the essential resource for a clear understanding of the rise of the Internet's decentralized, apolitical, free-market alternative to national central banks.
From the Back Cover
THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO BITCOIN'S HISTORY, PROPERTIES, USES, AND FUTURE
In The Bitcoin Standard, economist Saifedean Ammous walks readers through the fascinating history of the technologies of money and explores what gave these technologies their monetary role, how they lost it, what that teaches us about the desirable features of money, and how Bitcoin is designed to improve on these technologies. Ammous elucidates the economic, social, cultural, and political benefits of sound money over unsound money to allow for an informed discussion of the potential role Bitcoin could play in the digital economy of the future. Rather than as a currency for criminals or a cheap mass consumer payment network, this book argues Bitcoin is emerging as a decentralized, politically neutral, free-market alternative to national central banks, with potentially enormous implications for individual freedom and prosperity. For anyone looking for a clear understanding of this new digital money, The Bitcoin Standard is the essential resource.
"The Bitcoin Standard should be required reading for everyone in modern society. It offers a concise and coherent narrative of monetary theory, the history of money, practical economics, and the impact of political policy on business, culture, and the economy. The book contains perhaps one of the best articulations of the virtues of strong money and the dangers of weak currency yet presented in modern literature. The Bitcoing Standard also masterfully debunks the myths of modern monetary theory and the broken ideas that have dominated the fiat economic school of thought since the early 20th century."
¨DFrom the Foreword by Michael Saylor, CEO of Microstrategy
"I have spent my entire career studying works about monetary theory, the gold standard, comparative monetary systems, central banks, and proposals for monetary and financial reform. I would rate a tiny fraction of the books I have read about any of these topics as excellent. Dr. Ammous' book, The Bitcoin Standard, contains an excellent treatment of these topics in addtion to one of the few enlightened and enlightening accounts of bitcoin that I have come across. It is essential reading for anyone interested in learning the role bitcoin could play in a future regime of free and sound money."
¨DDr. Joseph T. Salerno, Academic Vice President of the Mises Institute & Editor of the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics
About the Author
SAIFEDEAN AMMOUS, PhD, is a Professor of Economics at the Lebanese American University, and member of the Center on Capitalism and Society at Columbia University.
Product details
- Publisher : Wiley
- Publication date : April 24 2018
- Edition : 1st
- Language : English
- Print length : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1119473861
- ISBN-13 : 978-1119473862
- Item weight : 481 g
- Dimensions : 15.75 x 2.79 x 23.11 cm
- Âé¶¹Çø Rank: #1,597 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1 in Enterpeneurship Textbooks
- #1 in Banking Textbooks
- #1 in E-commerce
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Saifedean Ammous is an internationally best-selling economist and author. In 2018, Ammous authored The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking, the best-selling book on bitcoin, published in 37 languages. In 2021, he published The Fiat Standard: The Debt Slavery Alternative to Human Civilization, available in 26 languages. In 2023, Saifedean published Principles of Economics, a comprehensive textbook in economics in the Austrian school tradition, published in 14 languages. Saifedean teaches courses on the economics of bitcoin, and economics in the Austrian school tradition, on his online learning platform Saifedean.com, and also hosts The Bitcoin Standard Podcast.
Saifedean was a professor of Economics at the Lebanese American University from 2009 to 2019. He holds a PhD in Sustainable Development from Columbia University, a Masters in Development Management from the London School of Economics, and a Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering from the American University of Beirut.
Customer reviews
Customers say
Customers find the content of the book important, amazing, and the best they've read on cryptocurrency. They also appreciate the functionality of the book, saying it works fine. Readers also mention the salient characteristics required for its success and the history of money.
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Customers find the content of the book important, amazing, and the best they've read on cryptocurrency. They say it's very well-explained, navigates through the history of money, and is interesting about monetary theory and the gold standard.
"Great book! It is a must read for anyone looking to learn about currency, and BTC." Read more
"Must Read!..." Read more
"...If you're of the Austrian School, you will love this book. Fascinating. I'll try to get back and update this when I'm done. UPDATE..." Read more
"This is one of the most important book you will read in your lifetime. It has been for me...." Read more
Customers appreciate the functionality of the book. They mention it works fine and explains the history of money and the salient characteristics required for its success.
"...implications of sound vs unsound money, and bitcoins features, operations, and concerns condensed into a finely structured book...." Read more
"...It explains the history of money, the salient characteristics required for its success, and the government's role in our lives...." Read more
"Works fine" Read more
"Important book about the history of money and why Bitcoin works...." Read more
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Must read for those considering Bitcoin as a store of value
Top reviews from Canada
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- Reviewed in Canada on December 21, 2020Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseI'm only on chapter 8, where he finally gets to Bitcoin, but all the preceding chapters have been an eye opener. (I thought Keynes was supposed to be a bona fide economist; instead he seems to have been many other things, most of them unsavoury.)
If you're of the Austrian School, you will love this book. Fascinating.
I'll try to get back and update this when I'm done.
UPDATE
Finished reading the book. The title of this review should now be Great book on money, BitCoin, and cryptocurrencies..
The author cuts through so much of the enormous hype surrounding this technology, and the semi-mythical origns of BitCoin. He gives a clear, straightforward discussion of what makes bc special and its strengths and weaknesses (no it is NOT for buying lattes at Starbucks, regardless of how hip that might make you look; yes it makes an excellent digital store of value and could well become digital gold if it is not already that).
He gives logical reasons for why no other alt coin so far can compete with bc or is likely to dethrone it.
He does not enlighten us as to who or what Nakamoto actually is, but interestingly shows how this missing, anonymous creator of bc is actually another point in its favor.
And all that "wasted" electricity? Well, that is part of what justifies the whole thing, and becomes a matter of your point of view.
I think my favorite aspect of the book, aside from his take on gold, was how beautifully he explains that bc is now, effectively, a living thing with a life of its own and beyond anyone's control. If Satoshi is a single person, he is a genius.
The one thing the author failed to show, and that is one of my main concerns, is how bc can be considered beyond the reach of government and its bankster masters. Sure, They can't ever get control of bc, but kill it? That is another story. If anything, the author shows WHY They would want to do that. BitCoin is money they can't control. He does suggest that central banks could start to buy and horde bc, just as they do gold now. I ask: But would it be cost effective to print even more of their fake money to corner the bc market? We'll see.
One more thing: Refreshingly, compared to so many websites, blogs, YT channels, etc., the author never promotes bc; he is always realistic about its pitfalls and problems and what a risky investment it has been and will continue to be.
- Reviewed in Canada on October 1, 2019Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseThis is one of the most important book you will read in your lifetime. It has been for me.
In this pragmatic coverage of monetary history and economics, the author, Saifedean Ammous, eloquently reveals what makes money, and why it matters for human societies.
This book pierces through the opacity of the multi-decade fiat currency experiments held by many countries all around the world. Consuming this writing will most likely trigger you to question a core axiom about the current financial system: should nations be sovereign and control money? As you advance in the reading, you will come to realize that government-issued money is a historical outlier¡ªa 90 years old societal anomaly. Bitcoin is introduced as what it is slowly becoming: the next global reserve currency and settlement network¡ªfree of governmental agents manipulating it.
That book is the start of the Bitcoin rabbit hole for many, as it was for me. I highly recommend it to anyone who is interested to learn about the monetary evolution we are seeing unfold in front of us. Along this book, Bitcoin will most likely morph your thinking around economics, money, human societies, nutrition, art and many other things. All these subject matters may not seem related at the moment, but they are.
Enough said. Enjoy!
- Reviewed in Canada on November 17, 2024Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseAn absolutely mind opening book to the importance of BTC as a store of value for the future generation. A must read for anyone who holds alts or BTC. As someone who is eager to learn more and more about crypto, this book pushed me towards the Bitcoin maximalist view of things. Definitely a more difficult read for the average person like myself so I had to go over some paragraphs twice, but I still managed to go through it in 10 days. I¡¯ll definitely be coming back to it in a couple months to read it again and see what I missed the first time. All in all it is worth the buy! I just wish it came in paperback.
5.0 out of 5 starsAn absolutely mind opening book to the importance of BTC as a store of value for the future generation. A must read for anyone who holds alts or BTC. As someone who is eager to learn more and more about crypto, this book pushed me towards the Bitcoin maximalist view of things. Definitely a more difficult read for the average person like myself so I had to go over some paragraphs twice, but I still managed to go through it in 10 days. I¡¯ll definitely be coming back to it in a couple months to read it again and see what I missed the first time. All in all it is worth the buy! I just wish it came in paperback.Must read for those considering Bitcoin as a store of value
Reviewed in Canada on November 17, 2024
Images in this review
- Reviewed in Canada on May 24, 2025Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseThis was an excellent introduction to cryptocurrency and Bitcoin. It describes at length everything that makes crypto such a valuable form of currency, and all the ways you can use it. It also goes into 20th-century economic issues such as WWI, WW2, the Depression, etc. in a way that is simply informative without getting into complex math. After reading this book I feel far more knowledgeable about modern economics than I ever did taking a class at school. Definitely a must-read for anyone who wants to invest in crypto, especially bitcoin.
- Reviewed in Canada on August 12, 2024Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseSaifedean gives the world what is by far the best book about Bitcoin. This is also one of the best introductions to what money is. The book is easy to follow with interesting anecdotes and statistics.
Saifedean gives the world what is by far the best book about Bitcoin. This is also one of the best introductions to what money is. The book is easy to follow with interesting anecdotes and statistics.
Images in this review
- Reviewed in Canada on December 22, 2024Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseThe content of the book is very well explained even though the topic is complicated
- Reviewed in Canada on August 28, 2023Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseThe Bitcoin Standard has provided me with a fundamental understanding of the origins of money, government controlled money, societal and individual implications of sound vs unsound money, and bitcoins features, operations, and concerns condensed into a finely structured book.
I have a completely new perspective in how I view money. I¡¯m looking forward to the second book in the Saifedean trilogy. The Fiat Standard is next.
- Reviewed in Canada on July 24, 2022Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseA very educational book. It explains the history of money, the salient characteristics required for its success, and the government's role in our lives. The book continues to discuss Bitcoin and its salient features and how these address the challenges that our current monetary system faces.
Top reviews from other countries
- edoardoReviewed in the Netherlands on April 30, 2021
3.0 out of 5 stars Another Extremist Bitcoin Propaganda book
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseThe author has very extreme opinions. He claimed that abandoning the gold standard was the root cause of all problems including the number of death of the 1st and 2nd world war. He portraits Keynes as an ignorant wannabe economist with questionable moral values and sexual preferences. And he does not save Milton Friedman too. He calls Mark Rothko's work "trash" because it takes few hours to paint his works but they are valued millions on the market. So be ready to frown an eyebrow every couple of pages. Other than that the book is thought-provoking so it worth the reading. Even if it could have been at least 50% shorter since he repeats the same concept for 9 chapters out of 10.
- R LReviewed in Singapore on July 24, 2023
1.0 out of 5 stars Disappointed
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseReally surprised by the high ratings of this book. I bought it hoping to learn something about bitcoin. Instead of learning about bitcoin, you first 7 chapters were just about the author¡¯s distaste for Keynesian economics. Look, I get it, you are not a fan. But 170 pages?! Caman. By the time the book finally got to talking bitcoin in chapter 8, I already lost interest. What a waste of time and money.
- Rozzi’sReviewed in Australia on March 19, 2024
5.0 out of 5 stars A Must Read - To understand Money, Finance Habits and Bitcoin Basics
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseGreat read! Recommend to anyone starting their journey into understanding Money and thus Bitcoin¡¯s value proposition. The technology era will only survive and thrive with a currency that is unique and positioned to travel over the internet at the speed of the internet with unique verifiable digital signatures. My perspective has changed about Bitcoin and Money after reading this. Recommended literature for your collection.
- Pier FerraroReviewed in the United Kingdom on April 30, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Essential Reading for Bitcoin Enthusiasts
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseAs a Bitcoin maximalist, I found "The Bitcoin Standard" to be an indispensable resource in understanding the fundamental principles behind Bitcoin and its role in the global economy. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the history of money and the impact of decentralization on financial systems.
The author, Saifedean Ammous, does an exceptional job of breaking down complex concepts in a manner that's accessible to readers from various backgrounds. His writing style is engaging and thought-provoking, making it easy to follow and digest the information presented.
"The Bitcoin Standard" delves into the advantages of Bitcoin as a sound form of money, emphasizing its scarcity, durability, and resistance to censorship. It also provides valuable insights into the potential implications of Bitcoin adoption for economic growth and financial freedom.
One of the book's strengths is its thorough examination of historical and contemporary monetary systems. This context allows the reader to appreciate the significance of Bitcoin as a groundbreaking innovation that could reshape our understanding of money and finance.
In conclusion, I highly recommend "The Bitcoin Standard" to anyone interested in Bitcoin, whether they're a long-time enthusiast or just beginning their journey into the world of cryptocurrency. This book has earned a well-deserved 5-star rating, and I believe it should be considered essential reading for anyone passionate about the potential of Bitcoin to transform the global economy.
- Chris JReviewed in Japan on October 16, 2019
5.0 out of 5 stars Read this now.
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseAn absolute must read for people interested in free markets and monetary policy. Even for people with no prior interest, this book will open your eyes to how governments impoverish their citizens (while increasing the wealth of a few) by continuously printing money, and actually have little idea what they are doing. The difference between hard and soft money, time preference etc. and how these have affected the prosperity of civilizations in the past is amazing. Now we live in a world obsessed with consumption and continuous growth. People have stopped saving. But it is saving which creates capital and prosperity. This book explains beautifully how Bitcoin fixes this. ÈÕ±¾ÕZ°æ¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤À³ö°æ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢À´Äê¤Ë³ö¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£ÈÕ±¾¤ÎÓÑß_¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤¢¤²¤ë¤Î¤ò˜S¤·¤ß¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£