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Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas Hardcover – Sept. 9 2012
鶹
An anthropologist traces the intimate connections between gambling addiction and casino industry design tactics
Recent decades have seen a dramatic shift away from social forms of gambling played around roulette wheels and card tables to solitary gambling at electronic terminals. Slot machines, revamped by ever more compelling digital and video technology, have unseated traditional casino games as the gambling industry's revenue mainstay. Addiction by Design takes readers into the intriguing world of machine gambling, an increasingly popular and absorbing form of play that blurs the line between human and machine, compulsion and control, risk and reward.
Drawing on fifteen years of field research in Las Vegas, anthropologist Natasha Dow Schüll shows how the mechanical rhythm of electronic gambling pulls players into a trancelike state they call the "machine zone," in which daily worries, social demands, and even bodily awareness fade away. Once in the zone, gambling addicts play not to win but simply to keep playing, for as long as possible—even at the cost of physical and economic exhaustion. In continuous machine play, gamblers seek to lose themselves while the gambling industry seeks profit. Schüll describes the strategic calculations behind game algorithms and machine ergonomics, casino architecture and "ambience management," player tracking and cash access systems—all designed to meet the market's desire for maximum "time on device." Her account moves from casino floors into gamblers' everyday lives, from gambling industry conventions and Gamblers Anonymous meetings to regulatory debates over whether addiction to gambling machines stems from the consumer, the product, or the interplay between the two.
Addiction by Design is a compelling inquiry into the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance, offering clues to some of the broader anxieties and predicaments of contemporary life.
- Print length456 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPrinceton University Press
- Publication dateSept. 9 2012
- Dimensions16.51 x 3.81 x 24.13 cm
- ISBN-100691127557
- ISBN-13978-0691127552
- When addiction is regarded as a relationship that develops through “repeated interaction” between a subject and an object, rather than a property that belongs solely to one or the other, it becomes clear that objects matter as much as subjects.Highlighted by 333 Kindle readers
- As machine gamblers tell it, neither control, nor chance, nor the tension between the two drives their play; their aim is not to win but simply to continue.Highlighted by 327 Kindle readers
- The thing people never understand is that I’m not playing to win.” Why, then, does she play? “To keep playing—to stay in that machine zone where nothing else matters.”Highlighted by 264 Kindle readers
Product description
Review
"Honorable Mention for the 2013 Gregory Bateson Prize, The Society for Cultural Anthropology"
"The Atlantic Editors’ "The Best Book I Read This Year" for 2013, chosen by senior editor Alexis C. Madrigal"
"Natasha Dow Schüll, an anthropologist at MIT, has written a timely book. Ms Schüll has spent two decades studying the boom in casino gambling: the layout of its properties, the addicts and problem gamblers who account for roughly half its revenue in some places, and the engineering that goes into its most sophisticated products. Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas reads like a combination of Scientific American's number puzzles and the 'blue Book' of Alcoholics Anonymous."---Christopher Caldwell, Financial Times
"Addiction by Design is a nonfiction page-turner. A richly detailed account of the particulars of video gaming addiction, worth reading for the excellence of the ethnographic narrative alone, it is also an empirically rigorous examination of users, designers, and objects that deepens practical and philosophical questions about the capacities of players interacting with machines designed to entrance them."---Laura Norén, PublicBooks
"Schüll adds greatly to the scholarly literature on problem gambling with this well-written book. . . . Applying an anthropological perspective, the author focuses especially on the Las Vegas gambling industry, seeing many of today's avid machine gamblers as less preoccupied with winning than with maintaining themselves in the game, playing for as long as possible, and entering into a trance-like state of being, totally enmeshed psychologically into gaming and totally removed from the ordinary obligations of everyday life. . . . The book offers a most compelling and vivid picture of this world." ― Choice
"If books can be tools, Addiction by Design is one of the foundational artifacts for understanding the digital age--a lever, perhaps, to pry ourselves from the grasp of the coercive loops that now surround us."---Alexis Madrigal, The Atlantic
"Natasha Schull's Addiction By Design is fascinating, absorbing, and at times, a bit frightening. . . . Schull's work will have wide relevance to many audiences, including those interested in technology studies, media studies, software studies, game studies, values-in-design, and the psychology and sociology of addiction and other technologically mediated behavioral disorders."---Hansen Hsu, Social Studies of Science
"Original, ambitious, and written with elegant lucidity, Addiction by Design presents us with a narrative that is as compulsive as the behavior it describes. The book repositions debates in the field of gambling and will surely become a classic text in studies of society and technology."---Gerda Reith, American Journal of Sociology
"Based on fifteen years of ethnographic work, Addiction by Design is an ambitious and thought-provoking book that challenges the neoliberal ethos currently governing the way in which governments and professionals think about gambling addiction."---Kah-Wee Lee, Technology and Culture
"A handbook on regaining our proper orientation to the world. Schüll's book offers a grim warning about the ways others can deliberately cut us off from natural and supernatural joys."---Leah Libresco, Commonweal
Review
"A stunning portrayal of technology and the inner life. Searing, sobering, compelling: this is important, first-rate, accessible scholarship that should galvanize public conversation."—Sherry Turkle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, author of Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other
"A fascinating, frightening window into the world of gambling in Las Vegas and the technological innovations that deliberately enhance and sustain the 'zone'—the odd, absorbed state for which extreme machine gamblers yearn. An astute and provocative look at addiction and its complex moral, social, and emotional entanglements."—T. M. Luhrmann, Stanford University
"At the heart of Schüll's book is the interplay between the players and the machine; between the players and the machine manufacturers; between the players and the math program; and between the players and the 'zone' that the machines help produce. A tour de force that changes the dialogue on gambling addiction."—Henry Lesieur, author of The Chase: Career of the Compulsive Gambler
"Schüll's clear and dramatic writing style is itself addictive. One is drawn into the ways in which the interactions among the different stakeholders lead to players' experience of being drawn into a 'zone' where they remain until all resources are gone. This is a must-read narrative that points to the many variants of screen addiction possible today."—Don Ihde, author of Bodies in Technology
"This gripping, insightful, and poignant analysis of machine gambling offers a kind of object lesson in the intensified forms of consumption that computer-based technologies enable. An exemplary case of the way in which close, critical investigation of specific sites of capitalism can provide a deeper understanding of both intimate experience and widespread socioeconomic arrangements."—Lucy A. Suchman, author of Human-Machine Reconfigurations
"Schüll offers a provocative and important study of the imperative some people feel to lose themselves in a machine. The ethnography is rich and deep, shedding original light on the significance of addiction and gambling in American culture. The story told in the book is absolutely riveting."—Emily Martin, author of Bipolar Expeditions
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Princeton University Press
- Publication date : Sept. 9 2012
- Edition : 0
- Language : English
- Print length : 456 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0691127557
- ISBN-13 : 978-0691127552
- Item weight : 907 g
- Dimensions : 16.51 x 3.81 x 24.13 cm
- 鶹 Rank: #216 in Substance Abuse
- #386 in Anthropology (Books)
- #2,402 in Sociology (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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Customer reviews
Top reviews from Canada
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- Reviewed in Canada on May 23, 2025Verified PurchaseFantastic book, delivered in good condition. If you are at all interested in gambling, video games, or gacha I would recommend you pick this up. It reads easily, and Schull did a great job putting this together.
- Reviewed in Canada on October 3, 2022Verified PurchaseAWESOME
- Reviewed in Canada on May 5, 2021Verified PurchaseThis is a book very well written but too academic for my taste. It is for sure not relaxed reading and it needs your undivided attention to absorb what is actually written.
- Reviewed in Canada on November 21, 2016Verified PurchaseFantastic read and very enlightening
- Reviewed in Canada on March 31, 2016This is an amazingly clear-sighted and well-written book on game design, las vegas, and the root of addiction management as environmental consequence. Every UI/UX/HCI designer who as ever been asked to "gamify" something will find information of use here, as well as ethical questions about what it is that we as HCI professionals should pay attention to in our products.
Educators, assign to your classes at once.
Top reviews from other countries
- ミスターブルースカイReviewed in Japan on December 10, 2015
5.0 out of 5 stars An expert guide to a very scary world
Verified PurchaseThis study of addiction to slot machine gambling in Las Vegas is itself an addictive read. The bland design and marketing jargon of the gambling industry is juxtaposed with the misery of its best customers, who destroy their lives not so much in search of a big win as in seeking refuge in the "zone" of solitary, repetitive play.
Actually my one doubt about the book was the lack of discussion about really big winners. Las Vegas slots do offer the remote possibility of multi-million dollar payouts, so a tiny number of people do actually have their lives transformed positively... If they are sensible with money... a big If, I know. I would have thought that even the remote possibility of such a life-changing win must affect gamblers' psychology, but this is never discussed. Instead the author insists that addicted gamblers do not even want to win, just to have longer "T.O.D." (Time On Device).
That one question mark aside, I found this a very thoroughly researched, well-argued book that taught me a lot about gambling psychology. A thoroughly depressing read.
- Anya HustonReviewed in the United States on November 4, 2022
5.0 out of 5 stars Addiction by Design
Verified PurchaseAddiction by Design by Natasha Schüll is an in-depth look at how the gambling industry designs machines and how these designs affect consumers. Schüll provides a look at the psychology of casino interior design in terms of gambling machines, with clustered and tight spaces being preferred. Aspects of the games themselves are also discussed and a detailed explanation of how the odds are calculated is also provided. With no knowledge of gambling machines, I was still able to follow the explanations laid out and the implications behind them. Schüll provides detailed but easy-to-follow explanations as well as diagrams. She also explains what effect these odds have on the player and how there is a false perception of “near wins” and the sense that each round increases a player’s chance. All these methods are employed to increase a person’s time on device, which is desired by casinos because it increases the revenue possibilities. The lower-value slot machines, like penny and nickel slots, begin to make more sense as Schüll explains the impact time on device has. The longer a player can gamble the more money can be drawn from them slowly. Penny and nickel machines take a little each round and have small intermittent wins. The low bet amount allows a player to gamble for days before running out of money. These are seemingly obvious revelations once reading Schüll’s work, but before this, I had not spent much time thinking about the predatory nature of gambling machines. Casinos provide rewards programs and member cards to better market to gamblers. Every time a card is used on a machine it is monitored and some machines can even adapt to the personal style of play.
Schüll’s interviews with addicts in gamblers anonymous are very interesting as they all have similar themes as to what draws them to play. Many mention the idea of a “zone” or “machine zone”. This zone is where gamblers find themselves escaping reality and numbing the outside world by connecting to a machine, this is what draws them in and holds them for hours. The gambling industry also knows this and applies convenience to gambling machines so that this zone is not interrupted. Schüll examines the intersection between machine and human interaction, which I believe is a very good perspective on addiction. exploring both the machine and human causes of addiction provides a clearer picture of the gambling industry. I found the book to be very interesting, well-written, and worth reading. Some aspects of the machine zone Schüll discusses could be applied to how social media and video games are used as escapism as well. There are so many more topics introduced in the book, seeing how they are all connected and seeing the big picture is very interesting and raises questions about the nature of addiction.
- AndreiReviewed in the Netherlands on January 18, 2025
5.0 out of 5 stars Perfect book for understanding gambling addiction
Verified PurchaseGreat read with insights from multiple perspectives (gamblers, designers, casino owners). There's a good mix of both personal accounts and more clinical information about how gambling addiction is formed and how it works. The writing is very engaging and made me curious to learn more (which was a pleasant surprise for this type of book)
Bought it after seeing an interview with the author and liking how in-depth she pursued the topic, and the findings in the book didn't disappoint. Seems even more relevant now with how prevalent gambling has become in the last few years.
- Matthew BerryReviewed in Australia on August 8, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Comprehensive and well written
Verified PurchaseIt is good to find a book that is based more upon research than opinion. This author has done a good job exploring many of the mechanisms as to how these machines are wired to addict. Perhaps a greater emphasis upon the mechanics of online gaming now that it is growing.